How do the burners of gas boilers and oil boilers work?
Burners are important equipment for oil and gas boilers. The fuel burner consists of an atomizer (oil nozzle) and a regulator, while the gas burner consists of a gas nozzle and a regulator. In order to ensure good combustion of fuel in the boiler and effectively utilize heat, it is necessary to improve the atomization quality of the fuel and fully mix the oil mist or gas with air, which is mainly achieved through the use of a burner.To meet the needs of the combustion process in the furnace and ensure the safe and economical operation of the boiler, the technical requirements for the fuel oil burner are:1. The combustion efficiency is high. For fuel burners, within a certain adjustment range, they should be able to atomize the fuel oil well, with even oil droplets and appropriate atomization angles. The oil mist should also be evenly distributed along the circumference to increase the contact area between the oil mist and the air.2. Reasonable air distribution ensures stable and complete fuel combustion. Supply the necessary air for combustion from the root of the torch, and mix it quickly and evenly with the oil mist to ensure complete combustion and reduce the generation of harmful substances (CO, NO, etc.) in the flue gas. Create an appropriate recirculation zone for the airflow, keeping the fuel and air in a higher temperature field to ensure rapid ignition and stable combustion.3. The flame generated by combustion should be adapted to the shape of the furnace structure, with good flame fullness. The flame temperature and blackness should meet the requirements of the boiler, and the flame should not be allowed to flush the furnace wall, bottom, and extended convective heating surface.4. The adjustment range is large, which can adapt to the needs of adjusting the boiler load. The burner can work stably from the lowest load to the highest load of the boiler, without producing flashback and misfire.5. Fuel atomization requires less energy.6. The resistance of the air conditioning device is small.7. Easy to ignite, ignite, adjust, etc., safe and reliable, and with low operating noise.8. Simple and compact structure, lightweight components, reliable operation, easy adjustment and repair, and easy to achieve automatic control of the combustion process.The combustion conditions of fuel and gas boilers mainly depend on the atomization quality of the burner to the fuel and the reasonable air distribution to the oil or gas. Poor atomization or unreasonable air distribution of the burner can bring the following hazards:1. Incomplete combustion, pollution of the heating surface at the tail of the boiler, rise in exhaust gas temperature, and even cause secondary combustion:2. Incomplete combustion of fuel or gas results in significant heat loss, wasting energy and fuel, and causing environmental pollution.3. Fuel atomizer or furnace coking.4. Turn off the engine, ignite the cannon, and even explode the furnace and flue.Fuel is a liquid fuel with a boiling point lower than its ignition point, so the combustion of oil always occurs in a gaseous state. After atomization, the fuel particles are sprayed into the furnace and heated by the high-temperature flue gas inside the furnace for gasification. The gasified oil and gas meet with oxygen in the surrounding air, forming a flame. A portion of the heat generated by combustion is transferred to the oil particles, causing them to continuously gasify and burn until they are completely burned out.The combustion pathways for enhanced oil include:1. Improve atomization quality and reduce oil particle size. This can increase the heat absorption surface and gasification surface of the oil particles, thereby accelerating the gasification rate of the oil. The gasification rate of oil particles is related to their particle size, and the smaller the particle size, the faster the gasification.2. Reasonable air distribution. Provide appropriate amounts of air to different areas in a timely manner to avoid the generation of carbon black due to high temperature and oxygen deficiency, and ensure complete combustion of oil in the least amount of excess air.The fuel burner is composed of an oil atomizer and an air regulator according to the above requirements. The fuel is atomized into oil particles through the atomizer, sprayed into the furnace at a certain atomization angle, and mixed with the air flow with a certain shape and velocity distribution sent through the air regulator. The combination of the oil atomizer and the air regulator should be able to timely supply most of the air required for combustion from the flame root, and make the distribution of air volume in various parts of the torch adapt to the flow density distribution of the oil mist. At the same time, a certain amount of air should also be supplied to the tail of the torch to ensure the combustion of carbon black and coke particles.